I'm currently working through Rudin's PMA, and I'm on exercise 2.2 which tasks me to prove that the set of algebraic numbers is countable. There is a hint we are given to use, which is that the number of equations that satisfy the equation$n + |a_0| + \cdots + |a_n| = N$ for any positive integer $N$ is finite. Now, here was my thought process:
- Establish a set of $(n + 1)$-tuples consisting of the elements $(n, a_0, a_1, \ldots, a_n)$, where $n$ is a positive integer, and $a_i$ is any integer, not all $0$, such that the hint is satisfied; call these sets $C_N$.
- Let $P_N$ be the set of polynomials with complex inputs whose coefficients satisfy the above hint. Then $P_N$ is finite.
- Let $R_N \subset P_N$ be the set of polynomials that have a root at $z = 0$. Since $P_N$ is finite, then $R_N$ is finite.
- Let $A_N$ denote the set of complex numbers that satisfy a polynomial in $R_N$. Since any $n$-degree polynomial has at most $n$ roots, then $A_N$ is also finite.
- Take the union of $A_N$ over all positive integers $N$. Then this set is countable, since a union of countable sets is countable.
Please let me know if my logic is right!